The Motorists' Guide to Appealing Parking, Bus Lane, Yellow Box Junction and Moving Traffic Tickets

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Clamping and Towing
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This section is for information on clamping and towing by local authorities in England. Click here for info on private clamping

 

Clamping (Immobilisation)

 

Once a vehicle has received a parking ticket, the authority may clamp the vehicle immediately except in the following situations:

  • If the vehicle is in a 'parking place' (such as a residents or pay and display bay, note does not include single yellow lines), a PCN must be issued then a period of 30 minutes elapse before it can be clamped. (This is reduced to 15 minutes where there are 3 or more penalty charges outstanding on the vehicle)

  • If there is a disabled badge the vehicle may not be clamped.

The authority must affix a notice to your car as per section (2) below.

 

The power to immobilise a vehicle is contained in the The Civil Enforcement of Parking Contraventions (England) General Regulations 2007.  The circumstances under which this power can be used is stipulated in Part 3 (shown below).

 

 

PART 3 IMMOBILISATION OF VEHICLES

Power to immobilise vehicles

12.—(1) Subject to regulation 13 (limitations on the power to immobilise vehicles), where a penalty charge notice has been served in accordance with regulation 9, a civil enforcement officer or a person acting under his direction may fix an immobilisation device to the vehicle concerned while it remains in the place where it was found.

(2) On any occasion when an immobilisation device is fixed to a vehicle in accordance with this regulation, the person fixing the device shall also fix to the vehicle a notice—

(a) indicating that such a device has been fixed to the vehicle and warning that no attempt should be made to drive it or otherwise put it in motion until it has been released from that device;

(b) specifying the steps to be taken in order to secure its release; and

(c) warning that unlawful removal of an immobilisation device is an offence.

(3) A notice fixed to a vehicle in accordance with this regulation shall not be removed or interfered with except by or under the authority of—

(a) the owner, or person in charge, of the vehicle; or

(b) the enforcement authority.

(4) A person contravening paragraph (3) shall be guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 2 on the standard scale.

(5) Any person who, without being authorised to do so in accordance with these Regulations, removes or attempts to remove an immobilisation device fixed to a vehicle in accordance with this regulation shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 3 on the standard scale.

Limitations on the power to immobilise vehicles

13.—(1) An immobilisation device must not be fixed to a vehicle if there is displayed on the vehicle—

(a) a current disabled person’s badge; or

(b) a current recognised badge.

(2) If, in a case in which an immobilisation device would have been fixed to a vehicle but for paragraph (1)(a), the vehicle was not being used—

(a) in accordance with regulations under section 21 of the Chronically Sick and Disabled Persons Act 1970(7); and

(b) in circumstances falling within section 117(1)(b) of the Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984(8) (use where a disabled persons’ concession would be available),

the person in charge of the vehicle shall be guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 3 on the standard scale.

(3) If, in a case in which an immobilisation device would have been fixed to a vehicle but for paragraph (1)(b), the vehicle was not being used—

(a) in accordance with regulations under section 21A of the Chronically Sick and Disabled Persons Act 1970(9); and

(b) in circumstances falling within section 117(1A)(b) of the Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984(10) (use where a disabled person’s concession would be available by virtue of displaying a non-GB badge),

the person in charge of the vehicle shall be guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 3 on the standard scale.

(4) An immobilisation device must not be fixed to a vehicle which is in a parking place in respect of a contravention consisting of, or arising out of, a failure—

(a) to pay a parking charge with respect to the vehicle;

(b) properly to display a ticket or parking device; or

(c) to remove the vehicle from a parking place by the end of the period for which the appropriate charge was paid,

until the appropriate period has elapsed since the service of a penalty charge notice under regulation 9 in respect of the contravention.

(5) For the purposes of paragraph (4) the appropriate period is—

(a) in the case of a vehicle as respects which there are 3 or more penalty charges outstanding, 15 minutes;

(b) in any other case 30 minutes.

Release of immobilised vehicles

14.—(1) A vehicle to which an immobilisation device has been fixed in accordance with regulation 12 may only be released from that device by or under the direction of a person authorised by the enforcement authority to give such a direction.

(2) Subject to paragraph (1), such a vehicle shall be released from the device on payment in any manner specified in the notice fixed to the vehicle under regulation 12(2) of—

(a) the penalty charge payable in respect of the parking contravention; and

(b) such charge in respect of the release as may be required by the enforcement authority.

 

It is worth noting that The Secretary of State's Statutory Guidance to Local Authorities on the Civil Enforcement of Parking Contraventions (item 51), recommends that clamping is not routinely used. Indeed some local authorities have stopped doing it. Campaign against your local council if they are still doing it!

 

Appealing Against Clamping

 

After you've paid the PCN and for the clamp to be removed, you can appeal to get your money back. The authority has a duty to inform you of your right to appeal and subsequently to an adjudicator (in writing). The authority has 56 days (beginning with the date on which it receives the representations) to reply to your appeal.

 

The main reasons for an appeal are (full details in the regulations below):

  • The authority didn't follow the correct procedures to clamp or had no right to clamp (as outlined above)

  • Any reasons you would appeal against a normal PCN with regards to signs, roadmarkings, etc (point 5(a) below)

  • Deficiencies in the wording on the ticket or appeal document (a procedural impropriety on the part of the enforcement authority)

  • Other "compelling reasons" (4(b) below)

Part 3 of the The Civil Enforcement of Parking Contraventions (England) Representations and Appeals Regulations 2007 (copied below) specifies the law and what must be stated on the appeal form. Go through it and ensure the authority has covered every aspect.

 

PART 3 REPRESENTATIONS AND APPEALS IN RELATION TO THE IMMOBILISATION OF VEHICLES

Right to make representations

8.—(1) This regulation applies to the owner or person in charge of a vehicle where—

(a) in accordance with regulation 12 of the General Regulations an immobilisation device has been fixed to a vehicle found in a civil enforcement area; and

(b) he secures the release of the vehicle from the device on payment of an amount in accordance with regulation 14 of those Regulations.

(2) A person to whom paragraph (1) applies shall immediately upon the release of the vehicle be informed—

(a) of his right to make representations to the enforcement authority in accordance with this regulation; and

(b) of his right to appeal to an adjudicator if his representations are not accepted,

and that information must include a statement of the effect of paragraphs (4) and (5).

(3) The enforcement authority shall give that information, or cause it to be given, in writing.

(4) A person to whom paragraph (1) applies may make representations to the effect—

(a) that one or more of the grounds specified in paragraph (5) apply; or

(b) that, whether or not any of those grounds apply, there are compelling reasons why, in the particular circumstances of the case, the enforcement authority should refund some or all of the amount paid to secure the release of the vehicle,

and any such representations shall be in such form as may be specified by the enforcement authority.

(5) The grounds are—

(a) that the vehicle had not been permitted to remain at rest in a civil enforcement area in circumstances in which a penalty charge was payable under regulation 4 of the General Regulations;

(b) that the vehicle had been permitted to remain at rest in the place where it was by a person who was in control of the vehicle without the consent of the owner;

(c) that the place where the vehicle was at rest was not in a civil enforcement area;

(d) that, in accordance with regulation 13 (limitations on the power to immobilise vehicles) of the General Regulations, there was in the circumstances of the case no power under those Regulations to immobilise the vehicle at the time at which it was immobilised or at all;

(e) that the penalty charge or other charge paid to secure the release of the vehicle exceeded the amount applicable in the circumstances of the case; or

(f) that there has been a procedural impropriety on the part of the enforcement authority.

(6) In determining the form for making representations an enforcement authority which is a London authority must act through the joint committee through which, in accordance with regulation 15 of the General Regulations, it exercises its functions relating to adjudicators.

Duty of enforcement authority to which representations are made

9.—(1) The enforcement authority may disregard any representations which are received by it after the end of the period of 28 days beginning with the date on which the person making them is informed under regulation 8(2) of his right to make representations.

(2) Subject to paragraph (1), it shall be the duty of the enforcement authority, if representations are made to it in accordance with regulation 8(4), before the end of the period of 56 days beginning with the date on which it receives the representations—

(a) to consider them and any supporting evidence which the person making them provides; and

(b) to serve on that person notice of its decision as to whether or not it accepts that—

(i) a ground specified in regulation 8(5) applies; or

(ii) there are compelling reasons why, in the particular circumstances of the case, some or all of the sums paid to secure the release of the vehicle should be refunded.

(3) Where an authority serves notice under paragraph (2)(b)(i) that it accepts that such a ground applies it shall (when serving that notice) refund any sums that the person to whom the vehicle was released was required to pay under regulation 14 of the General Regulations, except to the extent (if any) to which those sums were properly paid.

(4) Where an authority serves notice under paragraph (2)(b)(ii) that it accepts that there are such compelling reasons, it shall refund the sums referred to in paragraph (3) or such of them as it considers appropriate.

(5) Where an authority serves a notice of rejection under paragraph (2)(b), that notice shall—

(a) inform the person on whom it is served of his right to appeal to an adjudicator under regulation 10;

(b) indicate the nature of an adjudicator’s power to award costs; and

(c) describe in general terms the form and manner in which such an appeal is required to be made.

(6) Where an authority fails to comply with paragraph (2) before the end of the period of 56 days mentioned there—

(a) it shall be deemed to have accepted the representations and to have served notice to that effect under paragraph (2)(b); and

(b) it shall immediately after the end of that period refund all such sums as are mentioned in paragraph (3).

 

Towing (Removal)

 

With regards to removing a vehicle, similar rules to clamping apply i.e.

  • You have to be given a PCN first

  • If the vehicle is in a 'parking place' (such as a residents or pay and display bay, note does not include single yellow lines), a PCN must be issued then a period of 30 minutes elapse before it can be clamped. (This is reduced to 15 minutes where there are 3 or more penalty charges outstanding on the vehicle)

The original power to remove a vehicle is contained in the Section 99 of the Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984 and subsequently The Removal and Disposal of Vehicles Regulations 1986 (unfortunately this is not available on line, at least not for free!). However the section relevant to parking is contained within this amendment The Removal and Disposal of Vehicles (Amendment) (England) Regulations 2007

 

Appealing Against Towing

 

After you've paid the PCN and for the vehicle to be returned, you can appeal to get your money back. The authority has a duty to inform you of your right to appeal and subsequently to an adjudicator (in writing). The authority has 56 days (beginning with the date on which it receives the representations) to reply to your appeal.

 

The main reasons for an appeal are (full details in the regulations below):

  • The authority didn't follow the correct procedures to remove or had no right to remove

  • Any reasons you would appeal against a normal PCN with regards to signs, roadmarkings, etc (point 5(a) below)

  • Deficiencies in the wording on the ticket or appeal document (a procedural impropriety on the part of the enforcement authority)

  • Other "compelling reasons" (4(b) below)

Part 4 of the The Civil Enforcement of Parking Contraventions (England) Representations and Appeals Regulations 2007 (copied below) specifies the law and what must be stated on the appeal form. Go through it and ensure the authority has covered every aspect.

 

 

PART 4 REPRESENTATIONS AND APPEALS IN RELATION TO REMOVED VEHICLES

Right to make representations about a removed vehicle

11.—(1) This regulation applies to a person where, as respects a vehicle which has been found in a civil enforcement area for parking contraventions and removed under regulations made under section 99 of the 1984 Act—

(a) he is required to pay an amount on recovery of the vehicle under section 101A of that Act;

(b) he receives a sum in respect of the vehicle under section 101A(2) of that Act;

(c) he is informed that the proceeds of sale of the vehicle did not exceed the aggregate amount mentioned in that provision; or

(d) he is informed that the vehicle was disposed of without there being any proceeds of sale.

(2) A person to whom paragraph (1) applies shall immediately upon the happening of an occurrence referred to in paragraph (1) be informed—

(a) of his right to make representations to the enforcement authority in accordance with this regulation; and

(b) of his right to appeal to an adjudicator if his representations are not accepted,

and that information must include a statement of the effect of paragraphs (4) and (5).

(3) The enforcement authority shall give that information, or cause it to be given, in writing.

(4) A person to whom paragraph (1) applies may make representations to the effect—

(a) that one or more of the grounds specified in paragraph (5) apply; or

(b) that, whether or not any of those grounds apply, there are compelling reasons why, in the particular circumstances of the case, the enforcement authority should—

(i) refund some or all of the amount paid to secure the release of the vehicle or deducted from the proceeds of sale; or

(ii) waive its right to recover all or any of the sums due to it on account of the removal or disposal of the vehicle,

and any such representations shall be in such form as may be specified by the enforcement authority.

(5) The grounds referred to in paragraph (4)(a) are—

(a) that the vehicle had not been permitted to remain at rest in a civil enforcement area for parking contraventions in circumstances in which a penalty charge was payable by virtue of regulation 4 of the General Regulations;

(b) that a civil enforcement officer had not, in accordance with regulation 9 of the General Regulations, fixed a penalty charge notice to the vehicle or handed such a notice to the person appearing to him to be in charge of the vehicle, before the vehicle was removed;

(c) that, at the time the vehicle was removed, the power to remove the vehicle conferred by paragraph (2) of regulation 5C of the Removal and Disposal of Vehicles Regulations 1986(6) was, by virtue of paragraph (3) of that regulation, not exercisable;

(d) that the vehicle had been permitted to remain at rest in the place where it was by a person who was in control of the vehicle without the consent of the owner;

(e) that the place where the vehicle was at rest was not in a civil enforcement area for parking contraventions;

(f) that the penalty charge or other charge paid to secure the release of the vehicle exceeded the amount applicable in the circumstances of the case; or

(g) that there has been a procedural impropriety on the part of the enforcement authority.

(6) In determining the form for making representations the London authorities must act through the joint committee through which, in accordance with regulation 15 of the General Regulations, they exercise their functions relating to adjudicators.

Duty of enforcement authority to which representations are made

12.—(1) The enforcement authority may disregard any representations under regulation 11 which are received by it after the end of the period of 28 days beginning with the date on which the person making them is informed under regulation 11(2) of his right to make representations.

(2) Subject to paragraph (1), if representations are made to it in accordance with regulation 11(4), it shall be the duty of the enforcement authority, before the end of the period of 56 days beginning with the date on which it receives the representations—

(a) to consider them and any supporting evidence which the person making them provides; and

(b) to serve on that person notice of its decision as to whether or not it accepts that—

(i) a ground specified in regulation 11(5) applies; or

(ii) there are compelling reasons of the kind referred to in regulation 11(4)(b).

(3) Where an authority serves notice under paragraph (2)(b)(i) that it accepts that a ground specified in regulation 11(5) applies it shall (when serving that notice)—

(a) refund any sums that—

(i) the person to whom the vehicle was released was required to pay under section 101A(1) of the 1984 Act; or

(ii) were deducted from the proceeds of sale of the vehicle in accordance with section 101A(2) of that Act,

except to the extent (if any) to which those sums were properly paid or deducted; and

(b) inform the person making representations that it has waived the right to recover any sum which might otherwise have been due to it by way of a penalty charge or on account of the removal, storage or disposal of the vehicle.

(4) Where an authority serves notice under paragraph (2)(b)(ii) that it accepts that there are such compelling reasons, it shall (when serving that notice)—

(a) refund the sums referred to in paragraph (3)(a) or such of them as it considers appropriate in the circumstances of the case; and

(b) inform the person making representations that it has waived the right to recover any sum which might otherwise have been due to it by way of a penalty charge or on account of the removal, storage or disposal of the vehicle.

(5) An authority which has waived its right to recover a sum loses its right to do so.

(6) Where an authority serves notice under paragraph (2)(b) that it does not accept that paragraph (2)(b)(i) or (ii) is fulfilled, that notice shall—

(a) inform the person on whom it is served of his right to appeal to an adjudicator under regulation 13;

(b) indicate the nature of an adjudicator’s power to award costs; and

(c) describe in general terms the form and manner in which such an appeal is required to be made.

(7) Where an authority fails to comply with paragraph (2) before the end of the period of 56 days mentioned there it shall be treated as having accepted the representations and as having served notice to that effect under paragraph (2)(b) and paragraph (3) shall apply accordingly.